Practice of Medicine 3 Details
Practice of Medicine 3. Mobile Phone 01797522136, 01987073965. This subject includes Osteoporosis, Liver Cirrhosis, Prostatitis, GERD, H pylori infection, Infective Gastric Ulcer, Peptic Ulcer Disease, Hematemesis, Melena, Rota Viral Diarrhea, Define Chikungunia Fever, Malaria, Tetanus, Chlamydia Infection, Leishmaniasis (Kala Azar ) Leprosy, Whooping Cough, Hepatic Amoebiasis, Chickenpox, Diphtheria, etc. For more information about the mentioned diseases there are some courses at HRTD Medical Institute. The Courses are DMDS, DMA 3 Years, DMS 3 Years, Paramedical 3 Years, and PDT Medicine.
Osteoporosis ( āĻšāĻžā§ā§āϰ āĻā§āώ⧠āϰā§āĻ )
1.Osteoporosis āĻāĻŋ ? Osteoporosis āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāύ , āϞāĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻž āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰ āĨ¤
Osteoporosis in Practice of Medicine 3:
Bone tissue āĻā§āώ⧠āĻšāĻā§āĻžāϰ āĻĢāϞ⧠āĻāĻšāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻāύ āĻ āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻšāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ Osteoporosis āĻŦāϞ⧠āĨ¤
Osteoporosis āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāύ
- Calcium āĻāϰ āĻ āĻāĻžāĻŦā§
- Vitamin āĻāϰ āĻ āĻāĻžāĻŦā§
- Hormonal Imbalance
Symptom of osteoporosis
Symptoms of osteoporosis are:
- Back pain ( Fracture of vertebra collapsed vertebra )
- Loss of height
- āĻ āϤāĻŋ āϏāĻšāĻā§āĻ āĻšāĻžā§ āĻā§āĻā§āĻā§ āϝāĻžā§ (easily bone fracture)
Treatment of Osteoporosis
- Tab. Calcium + vitamin D ( 1+0+0 )
- Tab. Bisphosphovate ( Ibandronic acid )
- Hormonal imbalance āĻšāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§
Liver Cirrhosis
2. Liver Cirrhosis āĻāϰ definition āĻāĻžāϰāύ, Clinical feature āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻž āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰ
Liver Cirrhosis āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ Liver āĻāϰ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϰā§āĻ āϝāĻžāϤ⧠hepatic cell āĻā§āϞāĻŋ āύāώā§āĻ āĻšā§ā§ āϝāĻžā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āύāϤā§āύ Nodule āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤
Cause of liver cirrhosis
- Hepatitis
- Alcohol
- Drugs
- āĻĒā§āώā§āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āύāϤāĻž
Clinical feature of liver cirrhosis
- āĻā§āώā§āϧāĻž āĻŽāύā§āĻĻāĻž, āĻŦāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻ āĻŦāĻŽāĻŋ
- āĻāĻāύ⧠Constipation, āĻāĻāύ⧠Diarrhoea
- āĻĒā§āĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻžā§ā§ āĻāϤā§āϤāĻŋāĻŽāĻž
- āĻāύā§āĻĄāĻŋāϏ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§
- āϰāĻā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ āϰāĻā§āϤ āĻĒāĻžā§āĻāĻžāύāĻž
- āĻā§āϞā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϝā§āύ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŽā§ āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻ āĻŽā§ā§ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāύā§āϧ āĻšā§ā§ āϝāĻžā§
- Anaemia & Splcenomegaly
Investigation
Liver function test ultra sonogram
Treatment of liver cirrhosis
- Vitamin A to Z
- Symptomatic treatment
- Edeam
- Diarrhoea
- Constipation
- Vomiting
- Protein & Carbohydrate āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§
- Treatment of the cause
Prostatitis
3.Prostatitis āĻāϰ definition āĻāĻžāϰāύ, clinical feature āĻāĻŦāĻ treatment āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰ
Prostatitis in Practice of Medicine 3
Inflammation of prostate is called Prostatitis
causes of Prostatitis
- Infection of prostate gland
- Enlargement of prostate gland
Clinical feature of Prostatitis
- Urinary discomfort even after taken antibiotic
- Late Urination ( āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻžāĻŦ āĻŦā§āϰ āĻšāĻā§āĻž )
Treatment of Prostatitis
- Tamsulosin ( 0.4 mg ) 7 days
āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ Prostate gland āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒā§ā§ā§āĻā§
Prostate gland āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ
- Male patient age 50 years up
- Prostate gland āĻ Inflammation āϝāĻž antibiotic āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻ āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻšā§ āύāĻž āĨ¤
- āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻžāĻŦ āĻŦā§āϰ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋ āĻšā§ āĨ¤
GERD
4. GERD āĻāĻŋ ?GERD āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāύ , āϞāĻā§āώāύ āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻž āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰ
GERD
Gastro esophageal reflux disease āĻā§ āϏāĻāĻā§āώā§āĻĒā§ GERD āĻŦāϞ⧠āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āϰā§āĻā§ stomach āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāĻĻā§āϝ āĻŦāϏā§āϤ āĻ juice āĻŽā§āĻā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻ ā§ āĻāϏ⧠āĨ¤
GERD āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāύ āϏāĻŽā§āĻš
- Lower Esophageal sphincter ( LES )
- Diaghragm āĻāϰ Esophageal opening āĻĸāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻšā§ā§ āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻž
GERD āĻāϰ āϞāĻā§āώāύ āϏāĻŽā§āĻš
- āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻ āϏāĻŽā§ Heart burn āĻŦāĻž Throat burn
- Chest pain
- āĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āĻāĻ āϞāĻžāĻāĻž
- āĻļā§āĻāύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻļāĻŋ
- āĻāĻŋāϞāϤ⧠āĻ āϏā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž
- Stomach āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāĻĻā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ liquid āĻŽā§āĻā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāϞ⧠āĻāϏāĻž
Treatment of GERD
- Tab. Antacid ( ā§§ āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧠⧍ āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻā§āώ⧠āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ ā§Š/ā§Ģ āĻĻāĻŋāύ
- Cap./Tab. Esomeprazole -20 mg ( āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻāĻžāϞāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻā§ ā§§ āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠⧧ āĻŽāĻžāϏ )
- Tab. Azithromycin / Ciprofloxacin -ā§ āĻĻāĻŋāύ
H. Pylori Infection
5.Infective Gastric Ulcer āĻāĻŋ ? Infective Gastric Ulcer āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāύ , āϞāĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻž āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰ
āϝ⧠Gastric Ulcer āĻ āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāύ⧠āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž Infection āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻā§ Infective Gastric Ulcer āĻŦāϞ⧠āĨ¤ āĻāĻžāϰāύ Helicobacter pylori āύāĻžāĻŽāĻ bacteria āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž gastric wall āĻ infection.
Clinical feature
āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāύ Antiulcer drug āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻāĻžāύā§āύ āĻŽā§āύ⧠āĻāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻ Gastric Ulcer āĻāĻžāϞ āύāĻž āĻšāϞ⧠H. pylori āύāĻžāĻŽāĻ bacteria gastric wall āĻ infection āĻšā§ā§āĻā§ āĨ¤
Investigation
H. pylori Ag test
Treatment
- Helicon kits / pylotrip
- Roxythromycin -300 mg ( 1+0+0 ) 14 days
- Omeprazole – 20 mg ( 1+0+0 ) 28 days
Peptic Ulcer Disease ( PUD )
6. Peptic Ulcer Disease āĻāĻŋ ?Peptic Ulcer Disease āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāύ , āϞāĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻž āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰ
Peptic Ulcer Disease in Practice of Medicine 3
Stomach āĻŦāĻž Duodenum āĻāϰ wall āĻ acid āĻāĻŦāĻ pepsin āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž ulcer āĻšāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ Peptic Ulcer Disease āĻŦāϞ⧠āĨ¤
Peptic Ulcer Disease āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāύ
- Hyperacidity
- H. pylori āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž infection
Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease
- Epigastric āĻ āĻā§āĻāϞ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž
- āĻāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāϞāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻžā§ā§
- āĻŦāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāϰāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻĻā§āϝ āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻāĻŽā§
- āĻā§āώā§āĻĻāĻž āĻāĻŽā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžā§ā§
- āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŽā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžā§ā§
Treatment of peptic ulcer disease
- Tab. Antacid ( ā§§ āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧠⧍ āĻŦāĻžāϰ -ā§Š āĻĻāĻŋāύ )
- Cap. Omeprazole ( āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύ ā§§ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāϞāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻā§ -⧍ āĻŽāĻžāϏ )
- Symptomatic treatment
Hematemesis ( āϰāĻā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŽāĻŋ )
7. Hematemesis āĻāϰ definition , causes āĻāĻŦāĻ treatment āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰ
Hematemesis in Practice of Medicine 3
āĻŦāĻŽāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϰāĻā§āϤ āĻāϏāĻžāĻā§ Hematemesis āĻŦāϞ⧠āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžā§ āĻāĻā§ āϰāĻā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§ āĨ¤
Causes of Hematemesis
- Ulcer ( Esophageal, Gastric, Duodenal )
- Erosion ( Esophageal, Gastric, Duodenal )
- Vascular Malformation
- Carcinoma ( Esophageal, Gastric )
- Varices ( Protal vein thrombosis, Liver disease )
Treatment of Hematemesis
- Antiemetic injection ( Ondansedron Injection )
- Antihaemorrhagic drug ( Tranexamic acid injection )
- PPI Injection
- Esophageal burning ( Antacid liquid )
- Bed rest
- Nothing by mouth
- IV infusion
- Hospitalization
Melena ( āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻā§āĻŦāϰ )
8. Define Melena. Mention the causes , clinical feature & treatment of melena.
Melena in Practice of Medicine 3
Upper GIT āĻāϰ āϰāĻā§āϤ āĻā§āώāϰāύā§āϰ āĻĻāϰā§āύ āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻāϞāĻāĻžāϤāϰāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻŽāϞ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϤ āĻšāĻā§āĻžāĻā§ melena āĻŦāϞ⧠āĨ¤
Causes of melena
- Ulcer ( Esophageal, Gastric, Duodenal )
- Erosion ( Esophageal, Gastric, Duodenal )
- Bleeding disorder- Haemophilia
- TB polyp or Carcinoma
treatment of melena
- Tranexamic acid injection
- PPI Injection
- Antibiotic injection / tab.
- Bed rest
- Nothing by mouth
- IV infusion
- Hospitalization
Rota Viral Diarrhea
10. Rota Viral Diarrhea āĻāϰ definition causes , clinical feature and treatment āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰ
Rota Viral Diarrhea in Practice of Medicine 3
Rota virus āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻšāĻā§āĻžāϰ āĻĢāϞ⧠āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϝ⧠diarrhea āĻšā§ āϤāĻžāĻā§Rota Viral Diarrhea āĻŦāϞ⧠āĨ¤ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāύāϤ ā§Ŧ āĻŽāĻžāϏ āĻĨā§āĻ⧠⧍ āĻŦāĻāϰā§āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻž āĻ āϰā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻšā§ āĨ¤
āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻĒāĻĨ
āĻŽā§āĻ āĻāĻšā§āĻŦāϰ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āĨ¤ āϏāĻāĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ, āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻā§āϞāύāĻž, āĻāϏāĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻĒāϤā§āϰ āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āϰā§āĻā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻžā§āĻžā§ āĨ¤
Clinical feature of Rota Viral Diarrhea
- Fever, Vomiting, āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻĒāĻžāϤāϞāĻž āĻĒāĻžā§āĻāĻžāύāĻž āĨ¤ āĻ āϞā§āĻĒ āϏāĻŽā§ā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϤā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ Diarrhea.
- āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻŖā§āϝāϤāĻžā§ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻŦāϞ āĻšā§ā§ āĻĒā§ā§
- āĻā§āώā§āĻĻāĻžāĻŽāύā§āĻĻāĻž, āĻĒā§āĻāĻĢāĻžāĻĒāĻž, āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻŦāϞāϤāĻž, āĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻāώā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĨ¤
- āϞāĻā§āώāύ āĻā§āϰāĻŋ ā§Ģ/ā§ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§
Treatment of Rota Viral Diarrhea
- Antibiotic ( Cefaclor / Ciprofloxacin )
- ORS / IV saline
- Symptomatic treatment
Prevention of Rota Viral Diarrhea
- āĻĒāϰāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻā§āĻāύā§āύāϤāĻž
- Rota Viral āĻā§āĻāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻžāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§ ( ā§Ž āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠)
Chikungunia Infection / Chikungunia Fever
11. Define Chikungunia Fever. Mention the clinical feature and treatment of Chikungunia Fever
Definition of Chikungunia Fever/ Practice of Medicine 3
Chikungunia āύāĻžāĻŽāĻ virus āĻāϰ infection āĻāϰ āĻĢāϞ⧠āϝ⧠āĻā§āĻŦāϰ āĻšā§ āϤāĻžāĻā§ Chikungunia Fever āĻŦāϞ⧠āĨ¤
Clinical feature of Chikungunia Fever
- Fever
- Joint pain & Muscle pain
- āĻā§āĻŦāϰ ā§§ āϏāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāĻšā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻžāϞ āĻšā§ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻāĻžāϞ āĻšāϤ⧠āϏāĻŽā§ āϞāĻžāĻ⧠⧍ā§Ļ āĻĻāĻŋāύ
Investigation
- Platelet & RBC count ( Dengue āύ⧠āĻāĻŽāύāĻāĻŋ confirm āĻšāĻā§āĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ )
- Antibody test
- ā§§ āϏāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāĻšā§ āϰāĻā§āϤ⧠virus āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž āϝāĻžā§
treatment of Chikungunia Fever
- Paracetamol
- āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϰ āϤāϰāϞ āĻāĻžāĻĻā§āϝ āĻ āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ
- āϏāĻžāϰāĻžāĻā§āώāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ
Malaria
12. Malaria āĻāĻŋ ? Malaria āϰā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϰāύ, āϞāĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻž āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰ
Malaria in Practice of Medicine 3
Plasmodium āύāĻžāĻŽāĻ protozoa āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž infection āĻšāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ malaria āĻŦāϞ⧠āĨ¤
Causes of malaria
- Plasmodium āύāĻžāĻŽāĻ protozoa
Malaria āϰā§āĻā§āϰ āϞāĻā§āώāĻŖ
- Nausea or Vomiting
- Enlargement of spleen
- Dry cough
- Muscle pain & back pain
- Fever & Headache
- Chills & Sweating
- Fatigue
Investigation of malaria
MP Test ( positive )
Treatment of malaria
- Antimalarial drug
- Chloroquine
- Hydroxy chloroquine
- Mefloquine
- Quinine sulphate
- Symptomatic treatment
Tetanus [ āϧāύā§āώā§āĻāĻāĻāĻžāϰ]
13. Define Tetanus. Mention the clinical feature and treatment of Tetanus
Definition of Tetanus in Practice of Medicine 3
Clostridium tetani āύāĻžāĻŽāĻ bacteria āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž infection āĻšāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ Tetanus āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤
Clinical feature of tetanus
- āĻā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ lock āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ (Masscter muscle āĻ spasm āĻāϰ āĻĢāϞ⧠āĻāĻŽāύāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§)
- Frontalis āĻāĻŦāĻ mouth angle muscle āĻāϰ contraction āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
- Neck āĻāĻŦāĻ trunk āĻāϰ muscle āĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻļāĻā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
- āĻŽā§āϰā§āĻĻāύā§āĻĄ āϧāύā§āĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻŦā§āĻāĻā§ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
- Abdominal wall board āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻļāĻā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
- āϰā§āĻā§āϰ āĻŽā§āϤā§āϝ⧠āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
- From exhaustion, asphyxia or aspiration pneumoniaI
Investigation
( on clinical grounds ) āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāύ⧠āύāĻŋāϰā§āύ⧠āĻāϰāĻž āĻā§āĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ āĻŋāύ
Treatment of tetanus
- Neutralization of toxin HIV Injection ( Human tetanus antitoxin 3000 U )
- Prevention of further toxin production ( IV Injection Benzyl penicillin 600 mg 6 hourly )
- (Penicillin allergy āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠Metronidazole āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§)
- Control of spasm ( Quiet room āĻ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ Nursing āϏā§āĻŦāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§ )
- IV Injection Diazepam (spasm continue āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞā§)
- General Measure ( Hydration āĻāĻŦāĻ Nutrition Maintain āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§ )
- Secondary Infection āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāϰ treatment āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Chlamydia Infection
14. What is Chlamydia Infection? Mention the clinical feature and treatment of Chlamydia Infection.
Definition of Chlamydia Infection/ Practice of Medicine 3
Chlamydia āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ sexually transmitted disease āϝāĻž Chlamydia trachomatis āύāĻžāĻŽāĻ bacteria āĻāϰ infection āĻāϰ āĻĢāϞ⧠āĻāĻā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
Clinical feature of Chlamydia
In men
(āĻ āύā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ symptom āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āύāĻž)
- Discharge from penis
- (āĻĒāĻļāĻžāĻŦ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻž āϝāύā§āϤā§āϰāύāĻžāĨ¤
- Penis āĻāϰ āĻŽā§āĻā§ burning āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž Itching
- Testis pain āĻ swelling āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
In Women
- Abnormal vaginal discharge (āĻ āϤā§āϝāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻāύā§āϧ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§)
- (āĻĒāĻļāĻžāĻŦā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ Intercourse āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻ āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻž āϝāύā§āϤā§āϰāύāĻžāĨ¤
Whooping Cough
15. Define Whooping Cough? Mention the Causes , clinical feature & treatment of Whooping Cough.
Definition of Whooping Cough in Practice of Medicine 3
Whooping Cough is a highly contagious respiratory disease.
Causes of Whooping Cough
Bordetclla pertussis āύāĻžāĻŽāĻ bacteria āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž infection ( āύāĻžāĻ āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻāϞāĻž )
Symptoms of Whooping Cough
1st week
Symptoms āĻā§āϞāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāύāϤ āĻ āĻžāύā§āĻĄāĻž āϞāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤāĻ
- Mild coughing
- Sneezing
- Runny nose
- Low fever ( Temperature below 102 āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŋ )
2nd week or 3 rd week
Cough with whooping sound .( Because the cough is dry and dose not produce mucous )
Treatment of Whooping Cough
- Antibiotic ( āĻā§āύ cough syrup āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ āύāĻž )
- āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžā§ ( Vaeci DTAP )
Diphtheria
16. Diphtheria āĻāĻŋ ? Diphtheria āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāύ, āϞāĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻž āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰ
Definition of Diphtheria in Practice of Medicine 3
Diphtheria āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāϤā§āĻŦāĻ bacteria infection āϝāĻž Coryne bacterium Diphtheria āύāĻžāĻŽāĻ bacteria āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻāĻāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ throat āĻāĻŦāĻ nose āĻāϰ mucous membrane āĻ affect āĻāϰ⧠āĨ¤
Causes of Diphtheria
Coryne bacterium Diphtheria āύāĻžāĻŽāĻ bacteria āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž infection . Bacterial toxin āϰāĻā§āϤ āϏā§āϰā§āϤā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āĻā§āĻŋā§ā§ āĻĒā§ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§āĻ āύāĻžāĻ, āĻāϞāĻž, āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻž airway āϤ⧠āĻĒā§āϰ⧠āĻ āϧā§āϏāϰ coating āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāϰ⧠āĨ¤
Symptoms of Diphtheria
āĻā§āύ āĻā§āύ āϏāĻŽā§ Symptoms āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āύāĻž āϤāĻŦā§ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāύāϤ infection āĻāϰ ⧍ āĻĨā§āĻā§ ā§Ģ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻĒāϰ Symptom āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžā§ āĨ¤
- Gray coating on the throat and tonsils
- Neck āĻāϰ hymph node āĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻĢā§āϞ⧠āϝāĻžā§
- āύā§āϞāĻžāĻ skin
- āĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŋāϞāϤ⧠āĻ āϏā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž
- āĻāĻŋāĻļāύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ
Investigation of Diphtheria/ Practice of Medicine 3
Tissue culture of the affected area
Treatment of Diphtheria
- Antitoxin Injection ( to counter act the toxin )
- Antibiotics ( Azithromycin or Erythromycin )
Chickenpox ( āĻāϞāĻŦāϏāύā§āϤ )
17. Define Chickenpox. Mention the clinical feature and treatment of Chickenpox.
Definition of Chickenpox/ Practice of Medine 3
Chickenpox āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ ā§āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ highly contagious disease āϝāĻž Vericella Zoster Virus ( VZV ) āĻāϰ infection āĻāϰ āĻĢāϞ⧠āĻāĻā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āĨ¤
Clinical features of Chickenpox
- Skin rash that forms small itchy blisters all over the body
- Fever, Tiredness, and Headache symptoms last 5 to 10 days
Complication
May be pneumonia, inflammation of the brain, and bacterial skin infection.
Treatment
- Antibiotic ( to precut bacterial infection )
- Paracetamol
- Antihistamine
- Calamine lotion ( topical use )
- Zine oxide + One interventions
Sometime
Antiviral drug ( Aciclovir )
Spread
It is an airborne disease . So it spread through Waugh & Sneezes of an infection person.
Leishmaniasis ( Kala- Azar )
Black Fever ( āĻāĻžāϞāĻž āĻā§āĻŦāϰ )
18.Leishmaniasis ( Kala- Azar ) āĻāĻŋ ? Leishmaniasis āĻāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ āĻ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ ?
Leishmaniasis ( Kala- Azar )/ Practice of Medicine 3
Leishmaniasis āύāĻžāĻŽāĻ protozoa āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž infection āĻšāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ Leishmaniasis ( Kala- Azar ) āĻŦāϞā§
āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžā§ āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻā§āĻŦāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāϞāĻž āĻā§āĻŦāϰ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĨ¤
Leishmaniasis āϤāĻŋāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
- Visceral Leishmaniasis
- Mucosal Leishmaniasis
Treatment of Leishmaniasis
- Sodium Stibogluconate injection ( Stibatin injection )
- Paracetamol
- Symptomatic treatment
Dose of stibatin Injection
10 cc stibatin for 50 mg weight every alternative day ( Maximum 200 cc for each injection )
Leprosy ( āĻā§āώā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϧāĻŋ )
19.Define Leprosy . Mention the Clinical feature and treatment of Leprosy.
Definition of Leprosy/Practice of Medicine 3
Leprosy āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āώā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϧāĻŋ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ chronic infectious disease āϝāĻž mycobacterium leprosy āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž mycobacterium lepromatiosis āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āĨ¤
Clinical feature of Leprosy
- Peripheral nerves āĻ granuloma
- Upper respiratory tract āĻāϰ mucosa āϤ⧠granuloma
- Skin lesions ( light or dark )
āĻāĻ āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻž āύāĻž āĻāϰāϞā§
- Permanent damage of skin, nerves, limbs and eyes
- Secondary infection āĻāĻšāĻž āĻšāĻžāϤ āĻĒāĻžā§ā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āĻā§āϞā§āϰ tissue damage āĻāϰ⧠āĨ¤ āĻĢāϞ⧠āĻāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻā§āĻ āĻšā§ā§ āĻāϏ⧠āĨ¤
Investigation
Acid fast bacilli in a biopsy of the skin
Spread
Cough āĻāĻŦāĻ āύāĻžāĻā§āϰ fluid āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āĻāĻ āϰā§āĻ āĻā§āĻžā§
Treatment of Leprosy
- Multidrug therapy āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āϞ āĻšā§
- Rifampicin ( for 12 months )
- Dapsone
Paucibacillary leprosy
- Rifampicin leprosy ( for 6 months )
- Dapsone
- Clofazimine
- āĻ āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝ āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ Antibiotic āĻ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦā§
WHO āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻžāĻŽā§āϞā§āϝ⧠Leprosy āĻāϰ treatment āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰā§
Hepatic Amoebiasis
20. Hepatic Amoebiasis āĻāĻŋ ? Hepatic Amoebiasis āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāύ, āϞāĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻž āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻĨ āĻāϰ
Hepatic Amoebiasis/ Practice of Medicine 3
Amoeba āύāĻžāĻŽāĻ protozoa ( Entamoeba histolytica ) āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž Liver āĻ infection āĻšāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ Hepatic Amoebiasis āĻŦāϞ⧠āĨ¤
Causes of Hepatic Amoebiasis
- Entamoeba histolytica protozoa
Clinical feature of Hepatic Amoebiasis
- Local discomfort & Malaise ( Liver āĻ āĻā§āĻāϞ⧠)
- Enlarged tender liver
- Pain in the right
- Raised diaphragm ( X- Ray )
- Moderate Neutrophil Leucocytosis
Treatment of Hepatic Amoebiasis
- tab. Metronidazole 800 mg 3 times daily ( 10 days )
- Tab. Tinidazole 800 mg 3 times daily ( 5 days )
- Tab. Diloxanide furoate 500 mg 3 times daily ( 10 days ) with meal
Followed by
Tab. Chloroquine 500 mg daily for 14 days
21. Mention the investigation of Hepatic Amoebiasis with short description.
Investigation of Hepatic Amoebiasis
- Blood picture
- stool Examination ( Microscopic )
- Liver function test
- X-Ray ( Chest )
- Ultrasonography of Hepatobiliary system
Short Description
- Blood picture
- Mild to Moderate anaemia
- Moderate leucocytosis
- stool Examination ( Microscopic )
- Amoeba āĻāϰ cysts āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§
- Liver function test ( âSlightly abnormal āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠) āϰāĻā§āϤ⧠ALT, ALP AST āĻāĻŦāĻ Bilirubin āĻŦāĻžā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĨ¤ Albumin āĻāĻŽāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĨ¤
- X-Ray ( Chest )
- Right Hemi diaphragm āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻž elevated āĻšāĻŦā§
- Ultrasonography of Hepatobiliary system ( āĻ āύā§āϝ āĻā§āύ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāύ⧠symptoms āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŋāύāĻž āϤāĻž āĻāĻžāύāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ āĨ¤ āĻāĻšāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ Confirmatory test.
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